Pcos and Mental Health: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that significantly impacts reproductive, metabolic, and psychological health. While its physical manifestations, such as irregular menstruation, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance are widely studied, its effects on mental well-being are equally profound yet often overlooked. Research indicates that approximately 40-60% of women with PCOS experience depression, and 30-50% suffer from anxiety disorders worldwide. In India, nearly half of the affected women report symptoms of depression and anxiety, highlighting the substantial psychological burden associated with PCOS. Additionally, the prevalence of eating disorders, including binge eating and body image dissatisfaction, ranges from 12-36% among PCOS patients. Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea, further contribute to mental health deterioration, exacerbating stress and metabolic dysfunction. The bidirectional relationship between PCOS and psychological disorders is influenced by hormonal imbalances, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and psychosocial factors. Increased androgen levels, cortisol dysregulation, and altered neurotransmitter activity play a crucial role in mood disturbances, while the distress caused by body image concerns, infertility, and weight gain further worsens mental health outcomes. Effective management of PCOS-related psychological disorders requires a multidimensional approach, integrating pharmacological interventions, cognitive behavioural therapy, and lifestyle modifications.