Agni and artava: influence of digestive metabolism on female reproductive health—an ayurvedic view

Abstract

Ayurveda identifies Agni as the principal force governing digestion, metabolism, and tissue nourishment. The integrity of Agni is essential for the proper formation of Dhatus, including Artava Dhatu, which is central to female reproductive health. When Agni becomes impaired, a condition known as Agnimandya develops, resulting in incomplete digestion and accumulation of Ama. This Ama obstructs Artavavaha Srotas and contributes to the development of various gynecological disorders such as menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovarian syndrome, infertility, and Yonivyapad. Classical Ayurvedic literature explains that Artava is produced sequentially from Rasa and Rakta Dhatus, emphasizing the dependence of reproductive health on efficient metabolic activity. Recent scientific studies also demonstrate a connection between gastrointestinal function and reproductive health through the gut–reproductive axis, wherein gut microbiota influence estrogen metabolism and hormonal balance. The present review aims to reinterpret classical Ayurvedic concepts in light of modern scientific evidence, highlighting the significance of Agni-oriented therapies such as Deepana–Pachana, Rasayana, Panchakarma, and appropriate dietary and lifestyle measures in the management of female reproductive disorders.