Abstract

Abstract

Parthenium (Partheniumhysterophorus L.) is a weed that produces many seeds and has spread widely rapid growth, ability to spread via waterways and roadways , it is able to spread very quickly Parthenium was spread by vehicles or as a contaminant of seeds. It act as environmental, medical and agricultural hazards. They are also allergenic with pollen causing dermatitis and hay fever in human in livestock from prolonged feeding on parthenium, and milk and meat are tainted affecting their value. This weed is thought to cause allergic respiratory problems, mutagenicity in humans and severe reductions in crop production1. Sesquiterpene lactones (SQLs) are the most important allergens responsible for ACD of parthenium. This plant is not only harmful to agriculture but also is a major factor in multiple human diseases through contagious. Among these are asthma, Allergies, and Stomach diseases. It is used as an antioxidant, an anticancer agent, and an antitumor agent, and its extracts are often used pesticides to control diseases. Parthenium it has some toxic chemical composition due this it exhibits many harmful adverse effects but owing to many limitations associated with the conventional methods, management of parthenium still remains a challenge. Parthenium is considered as the number one dangerous terrestrial weed because of its harmful effects both to human and biodiversity. Many control measures are being used to manage this obnoxious weed. It has both useful effect and non useful effect.