Abstract

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer, one of the deadliest challenges spreading drastically in 21st century, has now officially become the most dangerous killer in the world according to the World Health Organization. A major drawback of conventional cancer therapies is the persistence of drug resistance, adverse reactions to chemotherapy, digestive damage, reduced quality of life, and high treatment costs. Researchers have been looking into the benefits of combining complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) with traditional cancer treatments in order to solve these issues. Since ancient times, Ayurveda, the oldest Indian traditional medicine system, has used plant-based medications to prevent or reduce a variety of tumors. Additionally, experts are increasingly more interested in studying complementary and alternative medicine for cancer treatment. According to "Charaka" and "Sushruta Samhitas," cancer is characterized in Ayurveda as either inflammatory or non-inflammatory swelling and is referred to as either "Granthi" (a little neoplasm) or "Arbuda" (a major neoplasm). Ayurveda's three fundamental systems—the nerve system (Vata, or air), the venous system (Pitta, or fire), and the artery system (Kapha, or water)—are crucial for regular bodily functions. All three systems become uncontrollable (tridoshas) and lose their ability to coordinate with one another in malignant tumors, which damages tissue and results in a severe condition. Tridoshas cause excessive metabolic crisis resulting in proliferation. Focusing on preclinical and clinical research, mechanisms of action, and integration with contemporary oncology, Ayurvedic herbal medications are used to treat cancer. Some important discoveries include the fact that some herbs may be able to stop tumors from growing, boost the immune system, and lower the harmful effects of chemotherapy. Methods: A narrative review was conducted by critically evaluating classical Ayurvedic texts, including Caraka Sa?hita and Susruta Sa?hita, along with contemporary scientific literature available in peer-reviewed journals, online databases, and institutional repositories. Results: Classical texts describe Arbuda as a progressively enlarging, non-suppurative, deep-seated mass involving Ma?sa, Rakta, and deranged do?as. Preventive regimens such as Rasayana, Panchakarma, ?itusodhana, and adherence to Dinachariya and Rituchariya are emphasized to eliminate mala and maintain doshic balance. Several Ayurvedic herbs and formulations demonstrate anticancer potential, and therapies may alleviate side effects of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Discussion: Integrating Ayurveda into cancer care offers a personalized and patient-centric model focused on enhancing vitality, immunity (ojas), and overall well-being. These therapies are supported by preliminary evidence, but scientific validation requires thorough clinical trials and pharmacological research. Ayurvedic and conventional treatments combined in a multidisciplinary, integrative manner may make a significant contribution to all-encompassing cancer care.