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Introduction

Ayurveda is not a medical science; it is a science of life and hence differs principally and fundamentally from modern medical science. The concept of soul and man is speciality of Ayurveda. From zygote formation till death soul stays tuned with the body.1 The make-up of the mind, what we refer to as, ‘Manasa Prakrti’ is co-originated with ‘Sarira Prakrti’ during Sukra -Sonita Samyoga i.e., to say the individualistic attitudes, behavior, response, intellect, reasoning and other instinctual characteristics are all pre-determined.2Since ancient times, attempts have been made to classify the human beings into distinct types in terms of constitutional factors for predicting general personality and to study the inter relationship between Sarira and Manasa Prakrti. Acharya Charaka and Susruta both have given elaborative description of Prakrti. According to them Prakrti is the sum total of structural, functional and behavioral aspect of man.3 This may be divided into different types and in different ways. Garbha Sarira Prakrti or Dosha Prakrti and Sarira Prakrti correspond to Jati, Kula, Vaya, Desa, Kala and Pratyatmaniyata etc, and the same is applicable to Manasa Prakriti also.4 The natural predominance of one or the other of these Saririka or Manasika Dosha as presents the natural characteristics of the individual human constitution. In Ayurveda the concept of health, prevention and treatment of diseases is based on these three major types of physical or mental constitution.In the holistic science of Ayurveda, there are Tridosha (3 Dosha), Sapta dhatu (7 Dhatu) and Trimala (3 mala) in human body fundamentally.5 The three Dosha are Vata, Pitta and Kapha simultaneously. Their psychological co- relation play role in Behavior and function through the Triguna i.e Sattva, Rajas and Tamas.Genetically determined, these psychological characteristics are dependent on the relative dominance of the Guna. Manas prakriti features pertain to the mind and mental activities of the person.6 In today’s era when pace of change seems to dominate every aspect of human civilization and there has been a vain hope to substitute nature. Our highly artificial modern living is currently posing constrains on the health care system, multiplying our miseries by end angering the ecosystem and giving an access to creeping in of many health hazards. The psyche is of three types-Sattva, Rajas & Tamas. The Sattva is said as devoid of defects due to having beneficial fraction whereas Rajas and Tamas are defective because of the fraction of agitation and ignorance respectively. Out of these three types of psyches, each one has got innumerable subdivisions due to relative degree and variation in interaction of psyche and body according to species. Body follows psyche and vice versa. Psychological constitution, bio typology or body mind typology is an important concept of Ayurveda. Every individual has distinct physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics. Ayurveda classical texts provide a framework to help to understand an individual's mental constitution.7 The sutra, from yoga sutras of Patanjali literally means that dhyana8 is an uninterrupted flow of the mind towards the object chosen for meditation. An aspirant should aim at eliminating the distracting thoughts and should aim at reducing the frequency of such interruption in a progressive manner. By such an effort when the aspirant succeeds in eliminating the distraction completely and becomes able to continue the concentration on the object without any interruptions for as long as he desires, he is supposed to reach the stage of Dhyana.9 The meditation being improving the attention and cognition it may be utilized to enhance the learning of students and assessment of manas prakriti.Considering this, the present study has been conducted with purpose to evaluate manas prakriti of the 1st year student and the effect of meditation on it.

Aim and Objective: -

Aim: 1. To Study and Assessment of Manas Prakriti on 1st year BAMS students.

2. Effect of Meditation on Manas Prakriti.

Objectives: 1. To assess the Manas Prakriti of 1st year students.

2. To assess the effect of meditation on Manas Prakriti of student.

MATERIALS & METHODS:

Place of study: The study was conducted in the classroom of Government Ayurvedic College, Patna, Bihar.

Study Design: Prospective Intervention study.

Study Duration: Total study duration was 3 months.

Study population: The study population undergraduate Ayurved (First year). Total 50 students were selected and enrolled.

Study Group: 50

Material: -

• Compilation of information about Manas Prakriti from Classical Samhita, Ayurved texts, relevant books, journals and modern medical science books.
• 50 Healthy Volunteer taken for this study.

Methods: -

• Type of Study – Prospective Interventional study.
• Separate case proforma and questionnaires were prepared as per survey study.
• Manas Prakriti questionnaire approved by CDAC; India is used for assessment of Manas Prakriti.
• Analysis of information was done with help of survey study.
• Effect of meditation noted during survey.
• Statistical analysis – Test of percentage and proportion were be applied.

Inclusion and Exclusion criteria: -

Inclusion criteria: -

• Age limit-20-30 yrs.
• Male candidates.
• Only healthy individuals.

Exclusion criteria: -

• Those with age less than 20yrs and more than 30yrs.
• Female candidate was excluded.

1. The sample for study comprises 50 individual all males with ages ranging from 20 to 30yrs.All were Indian Student who know Hindi and English language.
2. Standard Manas prakriti Questionnaire-for assessment of level of manas guna & doshas was filled pre and post of Meditation.
3. Severity of manas guna and dosha was calculated.
4. Meditation was carried out in the same room with same time,environment,atmosphere to avoid the bias for 3 months.
5. Standard meditation technique will be going to use.
6. Experimental survey procedure will be done pre & post design.
7. Method of Meditation: -

Subjects were trained in the standard meditation technique, under the guidance. This technique is accepted, recognised and discussed by school of yoga Bihar.

Instructions: -

• Sit in siddhasan or vajrasana position.
• Keep back straight,neck straight,look at front.
• Close your eyes.
• Remove all thoughts,from your mind,calm down the mind.
• Focus on each body parts starting from toe towards upper side of body till head,followed by normal breathing.
• Omkar chanting
• Rub your palm together,put it on both eyes.
• Slowly open your eyes.
• Total time taken for process of meditation is 30 minutes.

Discussion

Sattva, Raja and Tama are three essential properties of life. Sattva expresses understanding purity,Rajas implies movement and Tamas manifests inertia and dullness. For creation, maintenance and destruction these three proportion Rajas and Tamas are called as dosha and when there is predominance of rajas and tamas it leads to pranyaparadha and ultimately to diseases.As per Ayurved classics increase in manas dosha leads to ill health. So, it should be controlled and managed properly to avoid the ill health consequences. In Ayurved Prakriti Parikshan is very important examination tool for parameter for physical and mental health.Sharir prakrti depends upon physical properties and manas prakriti depands upon manas properties i.e sattva,raja and tama. According to Ayurveda and Patanajali yoga meditation helps to reduce the level of manas dosha and so it was tried to do experimentally. By knowing Manas prakriti of any individual we can, not only maintain balance the health of healthy individual but also have proper diagnosis,severity and prognosis of disease, as mind and body depends upon each other. After doing meditation one should have enhanced decision making power,better control over feelings and emotions.Improved concentration and memory, awareness,restoration of health of body and mind. With help of proforma in the study one can have predominance of sattva,rajas & tamas in manas prakriti. After meditation the percentage of manas guna increases and rajas and tamas decreases.

Paired t-test is carried out to test significance in manas prakriti percentage after meditation. From above table, we can observe that P-Value is less than 0.05. Hence, we can conclude that, there is significant change observed in manas prakriti after meditation. Further we can observe that, Sattva percentage is significantly increased by about 5.90%, Rajas percentage is significantly decreased by about 19.76% and Tamas percentage is significantly decreased by about 20.90%.

The analysis suggests that the intervention (Meditation) had a positive impact on increasing the Sattva state and reducing the Raja and Tama states. This indicates a shift towards a more balanced and harmonious mental state, which aligns with the traditional Ayurvedic understanding of these states.

Conclusion

In this study, 50 participants were enrolled. Change in Manas prakriti related observations were studied as an effect of meditation.

After analysis of study data, it was observed that, there is significant changes observed in percentage of Manas Prakriti, Sattva percentage is significantly increased while Raja and Tama percentage is significantly reduced after meditation.