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Introduction

Ayurveda is the brightest legacy of mankind. Time has created many lacunae in its interpretation and literature links. The Ayurveda, the most prominent indigenous system of medicine, developed as a result of the accumulated wisdom and practical experience of many generations. The art of writing emerged as way of preserving knowledge that was previously transmitted from one generation to the next. Writing in the form of manuscripts was used to store information for a longer time. The Aagam Praman has got supreme importance in Ayurveda. Thus the availability of such authentic Agama source is also equally important.1 The term manuscript is formed by two latin word i. e manu means hand and script means to write2,3. It is defined as handwritten document which historical literary or aesthetic value and is at least 75 years old.4 India possesses an estimate of 10 million of such manuscript.5 Clear evidence for the writing system can be seen from numerous manuscripts written on palm leaf, metals and other writing materials, among which many manuscripts were written on different branches of Ayurveda. Several of them are available in the form of either of published books or of unpublished manuscripts. The manuscripts of various samhitas (Ayurveda Text), their commentaries are still lying in different libraries and research institutes in India as well as personal collections. The ancient scholar of Ayurved documented their traditional information of diagnosis, treatment, formulations their effective use etc through the manuscripts. An Indian manuscript written on handmade Indian paper has physical lifetime of only 2 to 3 centuries.6 And still, only 2%of the available Indian medical manuscript are in printed form.7

Primary Objective – To overview of the manuscriptAshtanghridaye Sharirsthanam

Chandranandan Virachita Padarthchandrika Teeka”  briefly.

Material

• Manuscript–“Ashtanghridaye Sharirsthanam Chandranandan Virachita Padarthchandrika Teeka” was searched from Archival cell, Barr. Balasaheb Khardekar Library, Shivaji University, Kolhapur.
• This manuscript found from Catalogue of Manuscripts,Shivaji University Kolhapur Year 1996.Reference No JAP-20-28
• As Rajvaidya Shankarrao Anandrao Jagtap -a grandson of Rajvaidya Keshavraj Jagtap donated 700 manuscripts about Ayurvedic Medicine and Literature,in 1977 to Archival cell, Barr. Balasaheb Khardekar Library, Shivaji University, Kolhapur8

Methodology-

Manuscript collected and photocopied from Archival cell, Barr. Balasaheb Khardekar Library, Shivaji University, Kolhapur.The methodology for manuscript process was followed in this phase 9Study has been done for – form and size of manuscript total number of folios, total number of shlokas, lines in a folios, number of words in each line, style of writing and starting and end of the text , present condition of pages whether pages are intact or worm eaten. The different orthographic peculiarities regarding the writing has been studied.10

• Technique
• Punctuation
• Form and Size
• Abbreviation
• Colophon
• Correction
• Illustration
•  Decoration

Overview on Manuscript (MSS):

About Title of MSS: Ashtanghridaye Sharirsthanam Chandranandan Virachita Padarthchandrika Teeka”As title suggeststhe MSS contains text that is Ashtanghriday Sharirsthan mool Sutra (Original Text)and its padarthchanrika commentary by Chandranandan (Author)

Padarthchandrika is commentary and Chandranandan is commentator.

Etymology- Padarthchandrka

The name can be broken down as “Padarth” (Object)which has meaning “Meaning of Word” or “Entity”

“Chandrika” means “Moonlight”

Thus it implies “Illuminates meaning of the Text” as moonlight illuminates night.

Objective of 'Padarthchandrika' Commentary

As per title suggests, to provide clarity on the origina sutra in Ashtanghriday for helping accurate interpretation.

Author –Chandranandan

From historical references,Chandranandan is famous author in the ayurveda literature.He is said to be son of Ravinandan and grandson of Maharsinandan. He is native of Kashmir. The time period of him (A.D. 958-972)is placed Of Kashmir King Abhimanyu.11 Tibetian transalation of it also confirmed its time period as 1013-1055 A.D.12 Hemadri also quoted Chandranandan with other commrntators like Indu,Jejjat etc.A.H.Su7/40.13 While describing tantrayukti Dalhan also quoted Chandranandan with different definition of ‘Vidhan’ Sushrut U.65/29 14 Another commentary by Chandranandan on the Sushrut Samhita whose some portion is quoted by Dalhan.15

Determination of Time Period OF MSS: Ashtanghridaye Sharirsthanam Chandranandan Virachita Padarthchandrika Teeka”

There is no time period is specifically mentioned in the MSS, so the time period of MSS is very difficult to determine.

Technique adopted in processing of MSS :

Mangalacharan (Opening Prayer): Salutation or Mangalacharan vary as per tradition of Author,Commentator or Scibe.It may be single or multiple.In MSS multiple salutations are found as Ganesh,Saraswati and Guru.

Form of MSS :The leaves of MSS unstitched and in good condition

The paper of MSS is old county paper.

MSS is written with black ink (mashi).

Red colored ink is used to draw margins on title folio and to high lighten verse numbers in some folios ,also used for starting of adhyay (chapter)and end of adhyay(chapter).

Size of MSS: Size 34(length) * 11 (width) cm.All leaves of MSS are in uniform size.

 There are Total folios - : 129 Total pages - : 258

Average lines -: 6 – 8 Average words -: 45 +- per lines

Technique – MSS is written with a stick (boru) and ink.

MSS is written in breadthwise.. Sufficient margin is left on either ends of the leaf, top and bottom. At both ends of the lines alignment is maintained. In each page the letters are in equal size, on the some base line and of the same height and same style. MSS is written in Sanskrit Devnagari scrip

Pagination: Numbering of folios done as figure apperars on left lower margin.

Numbering of folios done as figure apperars on left lower margin

Punctuation: Common Sanskrit writing style is used as Danda i.e. vertical stroke, The double danda are given at end of each sutra. It is similar to the commonest Sanskrit writing type.

Punctuation: Common Sanskrit writing style is used as Danda i.e. vertical stroke, The double danda are given at end of each sutra. It is similar to the commonest Sanskrit writing type.

Colophon: The colophon is given at the end of and and 3rd adhyay. Colophon of this MSS contains name of author and title of theTeeka and adhyay. The colophon is not given at the end of 1 st adhyay.

Illustration & Decoration : Drawings in color seen in paper MSS is illumination. Illumination Makes MSS beautiful. But there were no illustrations or decoration in this MSS.

• Name Of Chapters available in said Manuscript “Ashtanghridaye Sharirsthanam Chandranandan Virachita Padarthchandrika Teeka’

1.Garbhavkranti Shariram- Folio No.1B to 44 B(Chapter Related to descent of the soul in the womb)

Folio 1 B -Starting of Garbhavkranti Shariram

Folio 44 B -End of Garbhavkranti Shariram

2. Garbhvyapadam Shariram- Folio No.45 A to 64 B( Chapter related to complications of pregnancy)

Folio 45 A Starting of Garbhvyapadam Shariram

Folio 64 B End of Garbhvyapadam Shariram

3. Angavibhagam Shariram- Folio No.65 A to 129 B (Chapter related to body division)

Folio 65 A Starting of Angavibhagam Shariram

Folio 129 B End of Angavibhagam Shariram

Accidental Blanks

These are the places which are kept blank without any reasons. These are observed at some places in this MSS

Marginalia: The writing in the margin of MSS is called marginalia. There is both sided margins but not marginal lines are drawn in this MSS. Abbreviations, folio numbers, chapter no,author name are ssen in marginalia

Kinds of texts – As MSS is a commentary work ,the commentary sutras are more in number. Original sutras are also mentioned along with commentary verses in MSS.

Observations:

I.Content of MSS:

Three chapters present in Ashtanghridaye Sharirsthan Chandranandan virachita Padarthchandrika Teeka Manuscript

II.Overall Categorization of the Manuscript Data

Discussion

DISCUSSION:

• Variant Readings (??????? ????): This is the most frequent note, meaning "in another reading/recession." It indicates that other manuscripts have a different version of the word or phrase.
• Omissions (omitted): The editor has decided to completely leave out this word or passage from the main text, as it is absent in some key manuscripts or is considered an interpolation.
• Additions (add / addition): The editor is marking a word or passage that is added to the main text, likely because it is found in a majority of reliable manuscripts or is necessary for the sense.
• Other: Includes notes like  ("this is required"), suggesting a missing but necessary word, or specific references to large omitted sections (e.g., shlokas 116-119).

Conclusion

Negligence of unpublished and unstudied manuscript indicates that a significant and fundamental change is necessary in the field of ayurvedic literature.Ashtanga Hrudaya (famous text for kaliyug) has more than 30 commentaries out of which Padarthchandrika commentary of Chandranandan illustrative and versatile which gives huge understanding of Ashtanghriday Sharirsthan.